Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 
Author-Name: Klyachko Tatiana 
Author-Name-First: Tatiana 
Author-Name-Last: Klyachko 
Author-Workplace-Name: Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy 
Author-Name: Tokareva Galina 
Author-Name-First: Galina 
Author-Name-Last: Tokareva 
Author-Workplace-Name: RANEPA 
Title: Education system in Russia in 2022 
Abstract: In 2022, all pandemic restrictions were lifted from the Russian education system as it switched to full-time mode. At the same time, the outcomes that emerged during the periods of prolonged lockdowns remained, especially distance learning. In the new environment, they are used partially but allow to work remotely, for example, university lecturers (to give lectures remotely, being on business trip, etc.) or researchers can remotely participate in scientific conferences and seminars. As a result, the audiences outreach for various seminars and webinars has increased dramatically. Simultaneously, in 2022, the Russian education system faced new challenges associated with the special military operation (SMO) in Ukraine and the sanctions pressure  on  Russia  caused  by  the  SMO.  This  led  to  substantive,  structural, organizational and economic changes in the functioning of different levels of the education system. 
Classification-JEL: I21, I22, I23, I24 
Keywords: Education system, general education, vocational education, distance learning, higher education 
Creation-Date: 2023 
Revision-Date: 2023 
Length: 11 pages 
File-URL: https://www.iep.ru/files/RePEc/gai/ppaper/ppaper-2023-1294.pdf 
File-Format: application/pdf 
File-Function: Revised Version, 2023 
Handle: RePEc:gai:ppaper:ppaper-2023-1294