A History of Justice: From the Pluralism of the Forums to the Modern Dualism Between Conscience and Law

Paolo Prodi. Una storia della giustizia: Dal pluralismo dei fori al moderno dualism tra coscienza e diritto

Translated to Russian by I. Kushnaryova and A. Appolonov. Moscow, Gaidar Institute Press, 2017. – 512 p.

ISBN 978-5-93255-486-9

Paolo Prodi's book is an ambitious and large scale reconstruction of one of the pillars of Western civilization: the coexistence of various forms of "justice", i.e. the difference between legal and moral norms, between crime and sin, which made possible the idea of justice based on the freedoms and guarantees that distinguish Western civilization. Drawing on an extensive research literature, Prodi explores the Judeo-Christian tradition of dualism between divine law and human law and shows how the balance between these two "forums" changed as Christian civilization developed, especially in the modern era, along with the evolution of the state.